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Furigana Show|Add to ▼ Source Totoeba Project
It goes back, Personnel Officer Paula Grayson told us, to the way many employers used to pay their employees a hundred years ago.
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Vocabulary list

koto
noun
  1. thing; matter
  2. incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  3. circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  4. work; business; affair
  5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
noun, used as a suffix
  1. nominalizing suffix
  2. pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
noun
  1. alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or (as AことB (A = alias, B = real name))
  2. necessity; need (as 〜ことはない)
  3. you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ... (as 〜ことだ)
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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hyakunenmae
expression
  1. one hundred years ago; a hundred year previously
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hyakunen
noun
  1. century; hundred years; a long time
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hyaku
numeric
  1. 100; hundred (陌 and 佰 are used in legal documents)
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nen
noun
  1. year
counter
  1. counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school)
noun
  1. period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
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mae
noun
  1. in front (of); before (e.g. a building)
noun, no adjective, adverb
  1. before; earlier; previously; prior; ago; (minutes) to (the hour)
noun, no adjective
  1. (the) front; frontal part; fore; head (e.g. of a line)
noun
  1. forward; ahead
  2. (in the) presence (of); in front (of someone)
no adjective
  1. previous (e.g. page); prior (e.g. engagement); first (e.g. half); former (e.g. example)
suffix
  1. portion; helping (after a noun or the -masu stem of a verb)
noun
  1. front (of one's body or clothing); breast (of a coat, kimono, etc.)
  2. privates; private parts
  3. criminal record; previous conviction; (a) prior
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ooku
noun, adverb, no adjective
  1. many; much; plenty; a lot
noun
  1. majority (of); greater part (of)
adverb
  1. mostly; mainly; chiefly; usually; often
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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yatoinushi
noun
  1. employer
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ga
particle
  1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
  2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
conjunction
  1. but; however; still; and
  2. regardless of; whether (or not) (after the volitional form of a verb)
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juugyouin
noun
  1. employee; worker
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juugyou
noun, suru verb
  1. employment
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in
noun, noun, used as a suffix
  1. member
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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chingin
noun
  1. wages; pay
  2. rental payment
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wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
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shikyuu
noun, suru verb
  1. provision; supply; payment; allowance; grant
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suru

te-form

shite
suru verb (irregular)
  1. to do; to carry out; to perform
  2. to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  3. to serve as; to act as; to work as
  4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  5. to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as (as 〜にする,〜とする)
  6. to decide on; to choose (as 〜にする)
suru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (as 〜がする)
  2. to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  3. to be worth; to cost
  4. to pass (of time); to elapse
suru verb (irregular), transitive verb
  1. to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B (as AをBにする)
  2. to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B (as AをBにする)
  3. to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B (as AをBにする)
  4. to feel A about B (as AをBにする)
suffix, suru verb (irregular)
  1. verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
auxiliary verb, suru verb (irregular)
  1. creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  2. to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする)
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Suffix after the te form of a verb
iru

Plain Past Indicative Form

ita
ichidan verb, auxiliary verb
  1. to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing (after the -te form of a verb; indicates continuing action or state)
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houhou
noun
  1. method; process; manner; way; means; technique
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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sakanoboru
godan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to go upstream
  2. to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to; to make retroactive
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to
particle, conjunction
  1. if; when
  2. and
particle
  1. with
  2. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
noun
  1. promoted pawn
particle
  1. indicates a question (at sentence end)
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jinjika
noun
  1. personnel section
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jinji
noun, no adjective
  1. personnel affairs; human affairs; human resources; HR
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ka
noun, noun, used as a suffix
  1. lesson
  2. section (in an organization); division; department
counter
  1. counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
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shokuin
noun, no adjective
  1. staff member; personnel
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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san
suffix
  1. Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; Ms.; -san (after a person's name (or position, etc.))
  2. politeness marker (usu. after a noun or sometimes na-adjective)
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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hanasu

te-form

hanashite
godan verb, transitive verb
  1. to talk; to speak; to converse; to chat
  2. to tell; to explain; to narrate; to mention; to describe; to discuss
  3. to speak (a language)
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Suffix after the te form of a verb
kureru

Polite Past Indicative Form

kuremashita
auxiliary verb, ichidan verb
  1. to do for one; to take the trouble to do (after the -te form of a verb)
  2. to do to someone's disadvantage (after the -te form of a verb)
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