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Gestural language had, however, serious limitations, since it could not be used in the dark or at distance.
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Vocabulary list

miburigengo
noun
  1. body language
miburi
noun
  1. gesture; gesticulation; motion
gengo
noun
  1. language
ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
shikashinagara
adverb, conjunction
  1. however; nevertheless
kurai
i adjective
  1. dark; gloomy; murky
  2. depressed; dispirited; down in the dumps; dark (mood)
  3. dark (in colour); dull
  4. ill-boding; dark (e.g. past); suspicious
  5. unlikely (to succeed); hopeless; unpromising
  6. unfamiliar (with); ignorant (of) (as 〜に暗い)
tokoro
noun, adverb, suffix
  1. place; spot; scene; site (also pronounced どころ when a suffix)
noun, suffix
  1. address
  2. district; area; locality
  3. one's house
  4. point; aspect; side; facet
  5. passage (in text); part
  6. space; room
  7. thing; matter
noun
  1. whereupon; as a result (after the plain past form of a verb)
  2. about to; on the verge of (after present form of a verb)
  3. was just doing; was in the process of doing; have just done; just finished doing (after past form of a verb)
ya
particle
  1. such things as ...; and ... and (used for non-exhaustive lists related to a specific time and place)
  2. the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; as soon as (after the dictionary form of a verb)
copula
  1. be; is
interjection
  1. o; oh (punctuational exclamation in haiku, renga, etc.)
  2. huh; what (interjection expressing surprise)
  3. hi
  4. yes; what?
particle
  1. yes?; no?; is it?; isn't it? (indicates a question)
yaya
adverb, noun or verb acting prenominally
  1. a little; partially; somewhat; slightly; semi-; -ish; on the ... side; a short time; a while
hanareru

Plain Past Indicative Form

hanareta
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to be separated; to be apart; to be distant
  2. to leave; to go away
  3. to leave (a job, etc.); to quit; to give up
  4. to lose connection with; to drift away from
tokorodeha
expression
  1. so far as
Suffix after the past tense of a verb
tokorode
conjunction
  1. even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how) (after the plain past form of a verb)
Suffix after the past tense of a verb
tokoro
noun
  1. whereupon; as a result (after the plain past form of a verb)
  2. was just doing; was in the process of doing; have just done; just finished doing (after past form of a verb)
de
particle
  1. at; in (indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form)
  2. at; when (indicates time of action)
  3. by; with (indicates means of action)
conjunction
  1. and then; so
auxiliary
  1. and; then (indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types)
particle
  1. let me tell you; don't you know (at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.)
ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
tsukau

Potential Plain Present Indicative Negative Form

tsukaenai
godan verb, transitive verb
  1. to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
  2. to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to handle; to manage; to manipulate
  3. to use (time, money, etc.); to spend; to consume
  4. to use (language); to speak
node
particle
  1. that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
juudai
na adjective, noun
  1. serious; important; significant; grave; weighty
na
particle
  1. don't (prohibitive; used with dictionary form verb)
  2. do (imperative (from なさい); used with -masu stem of verb)
interjection
  1. hey; listen; you
particle
  1. now, ...; well, ...; I tell you!; you know (when seeking confirmation, for emphasis, etc.; used at sentence end)
  2. wow; ooh (used to express admiration, emotionality, etc.; used at sentence end)
genkai
noun, no adjective
  1. limit; bound
ga
particle
  1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
  2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
conjunction
  1. but; however; still; and
  2. regardless of; whether (or not) (after the volitional form of a verb)
aru

Plain Past Indicative Form

atta
godan verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be; to exist; to live (usu. of inanimate objects)
  2. to have
  3. to be located
  4. to be equipped with
  5. to happen; to come about

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