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Furigana Show|Add to ▼ Source Totoeba Project
The balance of payments crisis emerged, forcing the government to put a brake on the economy.
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Vocabulary list

kokusai
noun
  1. national debt; national securities; government bonds; government securities
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shuushi
noun
  1. income and expenditure
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kiki
noun
  1. crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
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ga
particle
  1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
  2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
conjunction
  1. but; however; still; and
  2. regardless of; whether (or not) (after the volitional form of a verb)
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hassei
noun, suru verb, no adjective
  1. outbreak; spring forth; occurrence; incidence
  2. generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; origin
  3. ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
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suru

masu stem

shi
suru verb (irregular)
  1. to do; to carry out; to perform
  2. to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  3. to serve as; to act as; to work as
  4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  5. to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as (as 〜にする,〜とする)
  6. to decide on; to choose (as 〜にする)
suru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (as 〜がする)
  2. to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  3. to be worth; to cost
  4. to pass (of time); to elapse
suru verb (irregular), transitive verb
  1. to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B (as AをBにする)
  2. to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B (as AをBにする)
  3. to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B (as AをBにする)
  4. to feel A about B (as AをBにする)
suffix, suru verb (irregular)
  1. verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
auxiliary verb, suru verb (irregular)
  1. creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  2. to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする)
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seifu
noun
  1. government; administration
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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keizai
noun
  1. economy; economics
  2. finance; (one's) finances; financial circumstances
  3. being economical; economy; thrift
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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bureekiwokakeru
expression, ichidan verb
  1. to put on the brakes; to put a stop to
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bureeki
noun
  1. brake
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wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
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kakeru
ichidan verb, transitive verb
  1. to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to suspend (from); to hoist (e.g. sail); to raise (e.g. flag)
  2. to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to cover; to lay; to spread
  3. to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.)
  4. to make (a call)
  5. to spend (time, money); to expend; to use
  6. to pour (liquid) onto; to sprinkle (powder or spices) onto; to splash; to throw (e.g. water) onto
  7. to turn on (engine, radio, etc.); to set (dial, alarm clock, etc.); to put on (DVD, song, etc.); to use (device, implement, etc.)
  8. to cause (somebody inconvenience, trouble, etc.); to burden (someone); to impose
  9. to multiply (arithmetic operation)
  10. to secure (e.g. lock)
  11. to take a seat; to sit; to rest (something on something else); to support (something on something else)
  12. to bind (also as 繋ける)
  13. to wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble
  14. to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on
  15. to hold (a play, festival, etc.)
  16. to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.)
  17. to argue (in court); to deliberate (in a meeting); to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.)
  18. to increase further
  19. to catch (in a trap, etc.)
  20. to set atop
  21. to erect (a makeshift building)
  22. to apply (insurance)
  23. to pun (on a word); to use (a word) as a pivot word; to play on words
suffix, ichidan verb
  1. to be partway doing ...; to begin (but not complete) ...; to be about to ... (after -masu stem of verb)
  2. to address (someone); to direct (something, to someone); to do (something, to someone) (after -masu stem of verb; indicates an action is being directed to someone)
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koto
noun
  1. thing; matter
  2. incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  3. circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  4. work; business; affair
  5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
noun, used as a suffix
  1. nominalizing suffix
  2. pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
noun
  1. alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or (as AことB (A = alias, B = real name))
  2. necessity; need (as 〜ことはない)
  3. you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ... (as 〜ことだ)
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wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
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yoginai

Adverbial Form

yoginaku
i adjective (negative)
  1. unavoidable; inevitable; beyond one's control
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suru

Passive Plain Past Indicative Form

sareta
suru verb (irregular)
  1. to do; to carry out; to perform
  2. to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  3. to serve as; to act as; to work as
  4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  5. to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as (as 〜にする,〜とする)
  6. to decide on; to choose (as 〜にする)
suru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (as 〜がする)
  2. to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  3. to be worth; to cost
  4. to pass (of time); to elapse
suru verb (irregular), transitive verb
  1. to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B (as AをBにする)
  2. to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B (as AをBにする)
  3. to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B (as AをBにする)
  4. to feel A about B (as AをBにする)
suffix, suru verb (irregular)
  1. verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
auxiliary verb, suru verb (irregular)
  1. creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  2. to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする)
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