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Furigana Show|Add to ▼ Source Totoeba Project
In 508BC, the ruler of Athens, Cleisthenes established ostracism to prevent the appearance of a tyrant.
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Vocabulary list

kigenzen
noun, adverb
  1. pre-era; BC; BCE
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gohyakuhachinen
  1. five hundred and eight years; 508 years
nen
noun
  1. year
counter
  1. counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school)
noun
  1. period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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atene
noun
  1. Athens (Greece)
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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shidousha
noun
  1. leader; guide; mentor; coach
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shidou
noun, suru verb
  1. guidance; leadership; instruction; direction; coaching
noun
  1. shido (disciplinary action for a minor infringement of the rules of judo)
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sha
suffix
  1. person; -er
noun
  1. expert; geisha; prostitute
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tonaru

Plain Past Indicative Form

tonatta
expression, godan verb
  1. to become; to amount to
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to
particle, conjunction
  1. if; when
  2. and
particle
  1. with
  2. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
noun
  1. promoted pawn
particle
  1. indicates a question (at sentence end)
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naru

Plain Past Indicative Form

natta
godan verb, intransitive verb
  1. to become; to get; to grow; to be; to reach; to attain
  2. to result in; to prove to be
  3. to consist of; to be composed of
  4. to succeed; to be complete
  5. to change into; to be exchanged for
  6. to play a role
  7. to be promoted
godan verb
  1. to do ... (as お+masu-stem+になる, ご+noun+になる, etc.)
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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senshu
noun
  1. usurper; tyrant
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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shutsugen
noun, suru verb
  1. appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
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wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
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boushi
noun, suru verb
  1. prevention; check
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suru
suru verb (irregular)
  1. to do; to carry out; to perform
  2. to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  3. to serve as; to act as; to work as
  4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  5. to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as (as 〜にする,〜とする)
  6. to decide on; to choose (as 〜にする)
suru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (as 〜がする)
  2. to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  3. to be worth; to cost
  4. to pass (of time); to elapse
suru verb (irregular), transitive verb
  1. to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B (as AをBにする)
  2. to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B (as AをBにする)
  3. to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B (as AをBにする)
  4. to feel A about B (as AをBにする)
suffix, suru verb (irregular)
  1. verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
auxiliary verb, suru verb (irregular)
  1. creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  2. to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする)
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tameni
conjunction
  1. for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; in favor of; in favour of; on behalf of
  2. because of; as a result of
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tame
noun, adverb
  1. good; advantage; benefit; welfare
  2. sake; purpose; objective; aim
  3. consequence; result; effect
  4. affecting; regarding; concerning
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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sue
noun
  1. ceramics; pottery; porcelain
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kata
prefix
  1. one (of a pair)
  2. incomplete; imperfect; fragmentary
  3. few; little
  4. off-centre; remote
  5. side; problem; question; matters
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tsuihou
noun, suru verb
  1. exile; banishment; eviction; deportation; purge; expulsion; ousting
  2. elimination (e.g. of poverty); removal
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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seido
noun, no adjective
  1. system; institution; organization; organisation
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wo
particle
  1. indicates direct object of action
  2. indicates subject of causative expression
  3. indicates an area traversed
  4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
  5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
  6. indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
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hajimeru

Plain Past Indicative Form

hajimeta
ichidan verb, transitive verb
  1. to start; to begin; to commence; to initiate; to originate
  2. to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to establish
auxiliary verb, ichidan verb
  1. to start ...; to begin to ... (after the -masu stem of a verb)
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