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Furigana Show|Add to ▼ Source Totoeba Project
When we say that a language is culturally transmitted - that is, that it is learned rather than inherited - we mean that it is part of that whole complex of learned and shared behavior that anthropologists call culture.
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Vocabulary list

watashitachi
pronoun
  1. we; us
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watashi
pronoun
  1. I; me (slightly formal or feminine)
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tachi
suffix
  1. pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
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ga
particle
  1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
  2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
conjunction
  1. but; however; still; and
  2. regardless of; whether (or not) (after the volitional form of a verb)
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gengo
noun
  1. language
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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bunkateki
na adjective
  1. cultural
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bunka
noun
  1. culture; civilization; civilisation
  2. Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
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teki
suffix, na adjective
  1. -ical; -ive; -al; -ic; -y (used to form adjectives from nouns)
  2. -like; -ish; -sort of; -kind of
  3. (something) like; along the lines of (used similarly to a quoting particle, esp. as 的な or 的なこと)
  4. -wise; in terms of; for; from the viewpoint of; from a ... standpoint; as far as ... is concerned (after a noun or pronoun, esp. adverbially as ～に(は))
suffix
  1. Mr.; Ms.; Mrs. (used as a form of address with names, work titles, etc. to denote either light disdain or familiarity)
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ni
particle
  1. at (place, time); in; on; during
  2. to (direction, state); toward; into
  3. for (purpose)
  4. because of (reason); for; with
  5. by; from
  6. as (i.e. in the role of)
  7. per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")
  8. and; in addition to
  9. if; although
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tsutaeru

Potential Plain Present Indicative Form

tsutaerareru

Passive Plain Present Indicative Form

tsutaerareru
ichidan verb, transitive verb
  1. to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart; to propagate; to teach; to bequeath
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tsumari
adverb
  1. that is to say; that is; in other words; I mean; that (this, it) means
  2. in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run; when all is said and done; what it all comes down to; when you get right down to it; basically
noun
  1. clogging; obstruction; stuffing; (degree of) blockage
  2. shrinkage
  3. end; conclusion
  4. dead end; corner
  5. distress; being at the end of one's rope
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gakushuu
noun, suru verb
  1. study; learning; tutorial
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suru

Passive Plain Present Indicative Form

sareru
suru verb (irregular)
  1. to do; to carry out; to perform
  2. to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  3. to serve as; to act as; to work as
  4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  5. to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as (as 〜にする,〜とする)
  6. to decide on; to choose (as 〜にする)
suru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (as 〜がする)
  2. to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  3. to be worth; to cost
  4. to pass (of time); to elapse
suru verb (irregular), transitive verb
  1. to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B (as AをBにする)
  2. to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B (as AをBにする)
  3. to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B (as AをBにする)
  4. to feel A about B (as AをBにする)
suffix, suru verb (irregular)
  1. verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
auxiliary verb, suru verb (irregular)
  1. creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  2. to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする)
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monode
particle, conjunction
  1. conjunctive particle indicating a cause or reason
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mono
noun
  1. thing; object; article; stuff; substance
  2. one's things; possessions; property; belongings (as 〜のもの, 〜のもん)
  3. things; something; anything; everything; nothing
  4. quality
  5. reason; the way of things
  6. used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen (formal noun often used as 〜ものだ)
noun, used as a suffix
  1. item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
  2. cause of ...; cause for ...
prefix
  1. somehow; somewhat; for some reason
  2. really; truly
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dearu

te-form

deatte
copula, godan verb (irregular)
  1. be; is
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de
particle
  1. at; in (indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form)
  2. at; when (indicates time of action)
  3. by; with (indicates means of action)
conjunction
  1. and then; so
auxiliary
  1. and; then (indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types)
particle
  1. let me tell you; don't you know (at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.)
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aru

te-form

atte
godan verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be; to exist; to live (usu. of inanimate objects)
  2. to have
  3. to be located
  4. to be equipped with
  5. to happen; to come about
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uketsugu

Passive Plain Present Indicative Form

uketsugareru
godan verb, transitive verb
  1. to inherit; to succeed; to take over
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monode
particle, conjunction
  1. conjunctive particle indicating a cause or reason
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mono
noun
  1. thing; object; article; stuff; substance
  2. one's things; possessions; property; belongings (as 〜のもの, 〜のもん)
  3. things; something; anything; everything; nothing
  4. quality
  5. reason; the way of things
  6. used to emphasize emotion, judgment, etc.; used to indicate a common occurrence in the past (after a verb in past tense); used to indicate a general tendency; used to indicate something that should happen (formal noun often used as 〜ものだ)
noun, used as a suffix
  1. item classified as ...; item related to ...; work in the genre of ...
  2. cause of ...; cause for ...
prefix
  1. somehow; somewhat; for some reason
  2. really; truly
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dehanai
expression, i adjective (negative)
  1. is not; am not; are not
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de
particle
  1. at; in (indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form)
  2. at; when (indicates time of action)
  3. by; with (indicates means of action)
conjunction
  1. and then; so
auxiliary
  1. and; then (indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types)
particle
  1. let me tell you; don't you know (at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.)
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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naito
expression
  1. have to (verb); must (verb) (after negative base of verb)
  2. is indispensable; absolutely necessary
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nai
i adjective (negative)
  1. nonexistent; not being (there)
  2. unowned; not had; unpossessed
  3. unique
  4. not; impossible; won't happen (as ...ことがない, etc.; indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility)
auxiliary adjective
  1. not (after the ren'youkei form of an adjective)
  2. to not be; to have not (after the -te form of a verb)
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toiu
expression
  1. called; named; that says; that
  2. as many as; as much as (after a quantity)
  3. all ...; every single ... (as ...という...)
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to
particle, conjunction
  1. if; when
  2. and
particle
  1. with
  2. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
noun
  1. promoted pawn
particle
  1. indicates a question (at sentence end)
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iu
godan verb
  1. to say; to utter; to declare
  2. to name; to call
  3. to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
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baai
adverb, noun
  1. case; situation
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gengo
noun
  1. language
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ha
particle
  1. topic marker particle (pronounced わ in modern Japanese)
  2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)
  3. adds emphasis
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bunka
noun
  1. culture; civilization; civilisation
  2. Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
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jinruigakusha
noun
  1. anthropologist; ethnologist
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jinrui
noun
  1. mankind; humanity
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gakusha
noun, no adjective
  1. scholar
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ga
particle
  1. indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
  2. indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)
conjunction
  1. but; however; still; and
  2. regardless of; whether (or not) (after the volitional form of a verb)
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bunka
noun
  1. culture; civilization; civilisation
  2. Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
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to
particle, conjunction
  1. if; when
  2. and
particle
  1. with
  2. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
noun
  1. promoted pawn
particle
  1. indicates a question (at sentence end)
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yobu
godan verb, transitive verb
  1. to call out (to); to call; to invoke
  2. to summon (a doctor, etc.)
  3. to invite
  4. to designate; to name; to brand
  5. to garner (support, etc.); to gather
  6. to take as one's wife
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gakushuu
noun, suru verb
  1. study; learning; tutorial
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suru

Passive Plain masu stem

sare
suru verb (irregular)
  1. to do; to carry out; to perform
  2. to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  3. to serve as; to act as; to work as
  4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  5. to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as (as 〜にする,〜とする)
  6. to decide on; to choose (as 〜にする)
suru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (as 〜がする)
  2. to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  3. to be worth; to cost
  4. to pass (of time); to elapse
suru verb (irregular), transitive verb
  1. to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B (as AをBにする)
  2. to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B (as AをBにする)
  3. to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B (as AをBにする)
  4. to feel A about B (as AをBにする)
suffix, suru verb (irregular)
  1. verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
auxiliary verb, suru verb (irregular)
  1. creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  2. to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする)
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kyouyou
noun, suru verb, no adjective
  1. common use; communal use; sharing
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suru

Passive Plain Present Indicative Form

sareru
suru verb (irregular)
  1. to do; to carry out; to perform
  2. to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)
  3. to serve as; to act as; to work as
  4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
  5. to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as (as 〜にする,〜とする)
  6. to decide on; to choose (as 〜にする)
suru verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) (as 〜がする)
  2. to be (in a state, condition, etc.)
  3. to be worth; to cost
  4. to pass (of time); to elapse
suru verb (irregular), transitive verb
  1. to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B (as AをBにする)
  2. to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B (as AをBにする)
  3. to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B (as AをBにする)
  4. to feel A about B (as AをBにする)
suffix, suru verb (irregular)
  1. verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")
auxiliary verb, suru verb (irregular)
  1. creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")
  2. to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to (as 〜うとする,〜ようとする)
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koudou
noun, suru verb, no adjective
  1. action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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fukugoutai
noun, noun, used as a suffix
  1. complex
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fukugou
noun, suru verb, no adjective
  1. composite; combined; complex
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tai
noun, noun, used as a suffix
  1. body; physique; posture
  2. shape; form; style
  3. substance; identity; reality
  4. field
counter
  1. counter for humanoid forms (e.g. dolls, statues, corpses, etc.)
noun, noun, used as a suffix
  1. typeface; type
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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ichibu
adverb, noun
  1. one part; one portion; one section; some
  2. one copy (e.g. of a document)
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dearu
copula, godan verb (irregular)
  1. be; is
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de
particle
  1. at; in (indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form)
  2. at; when (indicates time of action)
  3. by; with (indicates means of action)
conjunction
  1. and then; so
auxiliary
  1. and; then (indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types)
particle
  1. let me tell you; don't you know (at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.)
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aru
godan verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be; to exist; to live (usu. of inanimate objects)
  2. to have
  3. to be located
  4. to be equipped with
  5. to happen; to come about
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toiu
expression
  1. called; named; that says; that
  2. as many as; as much as (after a quantity)
  3. all ...; every single ... (as ...という...)
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koto
noun
  1. thing; matter
  2. incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
  3. circumstances; situation; state of affairs
  4. work; business; affair
  5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to
noun, used as a suffix
  1. nominalizing suffix
  2. pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...
noun
  1. alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or (as AことB (A = alias, B = real name))
  2. necessity; need (as 〜ことはない)
  3. you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ... (as 〜ことだ)
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nanodearu
auxiliary
  1. it is assuredly (that)...; can say with confidence that it is...
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nano
expression
  1. that's the way it is; yes (at sentence-end with falling intonation; used to make an assertion)
  2. is that so?; is it? (at sentence-end with rising intonation)
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na
particle
  1. don't (prohibitive; used with dictionary form verb)
  2. do (imperative (from なさい); used with -masu stem of verb)
interjection
  1. hey; listen; you
particle
  1. now, ...; well, ...; I tell you!; you know (when seeking confirmation, for emphasis, etc.; used at sentence end)
  2. wow; ooh (used to express admiration, emotionality, etc.; used at sentence end)
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no
particle
  1. indicates possessive (occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之)
  2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
  3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
  4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion (often ん)
  5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
  6. (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
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dearu
copula, godan verb (irregular)
  1. be; is
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de
particle
  1. at; in (indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form)
  2. at; when (indicates time of action)
  3. by; with (indicates means of action)
conjunction
  1. and then; so
auxiliary
  1. and; then (indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types)
particle
  1. let me tell you; don't you know (at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.)
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aru
godan verb (irregular), intransitive verb
  1. to be; to exist; to live (usu. of inanimate objects)
  2. to have
  3. to be located
  4. to be equipped with
  5. to happen; to come about
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